1. Beliefs and symptoms may reach delusional intensity
A. Hypochondriasis.
B. Body Dysmorphic Syndrome.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
2. The first sign of beginning cerebral disease is impairment of
A. Recent memory.
B. Remote memory.
C. Long-term memory.
D. Immediate memory.
E. None.
3. Retention of information over the past few months, like current events
A. Immediate memory.
B. Semantic Memory.
C. Implicit memory.
D. Recent past memory.
E. Episodic memory.
4. 95. Which of the following is not a healthy defence mechanism?
A. Denial.
B. Humor.
C. Altruism.
D. Suppression.
E. Sublimation.
5. Delusional disorder
A. Is caused by frontal lobe lesions.
B. Is an early stage of Schizophrenia.
C. Usually begins by age 20.
D. Is less common that schizophrenia.
E. Is more common in men that in women.
1 comment:
1. D
2. A
Memory impairment, most notably in recent or short-term memory, usually the first sign of beginning cerebral disease. Memory is a process by which anything that is experienced or learned is established as a record in the central nervous system, where it persists with a variable degree of permanence and can be recollected or retrieved from storage at will. Immediate memory is the reproduction, recognition, or recall of perceived material after a period of 10 seconds or less has elapsed after the initial presentation. Recent memory covers a time period from a few hours to a few weeks after the initial presentation. Long-term memory or remote memory is the reproduction, recognition, or recall of experiences not disturbed early in cerebral disease.
3. D
4. A
Denial is not a healthy defence mechanism because it prevents the person from becoming aware of either internal or external reality. Humor, sublimation, suppression and altruism are all healthy defence mechanisms. Humor is a defence mechanism that allows the overt expression of feelings and thoughts without personal discomfort or immobilisation and does not produce an unpleasant effect on others. Humor allows the individual to tolerate and yet focus on what is too terrible to be borne. It differs from wit, a form of displacement that involves distraction from the affective issues.
Suppression is the conscious act of controlling and inhibiting an unacceptable impulse, emotion or idea. Suppression is differentiated from repression in that repression is an unconscious process. Sublimation is an unconscious defence mechanism in which the energy associated with unacceptable impulse or drives is diverted into personally and socially acceptable channels. Unlike other defence mechanisms, sublimation offers some minimal gratification of the instinctual drive or impulse.
Altruism involves getting pleasure from giving to others what an individual himself or herself would have liked to receive. It is closely linked with ethics and morals: Freud recognized altruism as the only basis for the development of community interest.
5. D
Delusional disorder is less common that schizophrenia. Its prevalence in the US is estimated to be 0.03%- in contrast with schizophrenia, 1% and mood disorder, 5%. The neuropsychiatric approach to delusional disorder derives from the observation that delusions area common symptom in many neurological conditions, particularly those involving the limbic system and the basal ganglia. No evidence indicates that the disorder is caused by frontal lobe lesions. Long-term follow-up of patients with delusional disorder has found that their diagnoses are rarely revised as schizophrenia or mood disorders. Moreover, delusional disorder has a later onset than does schizophrenia or mood disorders. The mean age of onset is 40 years: the disorder does not usually begin by age 20. The disorder is slightly more common in women than in men.
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